4. Imikorere y'ingenzi ya porogaramu ya BMS
l Imikorere yo gupima
(1) Gupima amakuru y'ibanze: kugenzura ingufu za bateri, ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi, n'ubushyuhe bwa paki ya bateri. Inshingano y'ibanze ya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ni ugupima ingufu, ingufu, n'ubushyuhe bya selile za bateri, ari na byo shingiro ry'imibare yose yo ku rwego rwo hejuru n'uburyo bwo kugenzura bwa sisitemu yo gucunga bateri.
(2) Gupima uburinzi bw'ubushyuhe: Sisitemu yose ya bateri na sisitemu ifite ingufu nyinshi zigomba gupimwa uburinzi n'isitemu icunga bateri.
(3) Gupima uburyo bwo gufunga ingufu z'amashanyarazi (HVIL): bikoreshwa mu kwemeza ubusugire bwa sisitemu yose ifite ingufu z'amashanyarazi menshi. Iyo ubusugire bwa sisitemu ifite ingufu z'amashanyarazi menshi bwangiritse, ingamba zo kwirinda ziratangira gukoreshwa.
lIgikorwa cyo gupima
(1) Isuzuma rya SOC na SOH: igice cy'ingenzi n'ingorabahizi kurusha ibindi
(2) Kuringaniza: hindura ubusumbane bwa SOC x ubushobozi hagati ya monomers binyuze mu buryo bwo kuringaniza.
(3) Ingufu za bateri: imbaraga z'injira n'isohoka rya bateri zigarukira ku bushyuhe butandukanye bwa SOC.
lIzindi nshingano
(1) Igenzura ry'imiyoboro: harimo ingenzi +, ingenzi-, imiyoboro yo gusharija +, imiyoboro yo gusharija -, imiyoboro yo gusharija mbere y'uko itangira
(2) Kugenzura ubushyuhe
(3) Imikorere y'itumanaho
(4) Gusuzuma ikibazo no gutanga amakuru ajyanye n'ikibazo
(5) Imikorere yihanganira amakosa
5.Imikorere y'ingenzi ya porogaramu ya BMS
lImikorere yo gupima
(1) Gupima amakuru y'ibanze: kugenzura ingufu za bateri, ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi, n'ubushyuhe bwa paki ya bateri. Inshingano y'ibanze ya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ni ugupima ingufu, ingufu, n'ubushyuhe bya selile za bateri, ari na byo shingiro ry'imibare yose yo ku rwego rwo hejuru n'uburyo bwo kugenzura bwa sisitemu yo gucunga bateri.
(2) Gupima uburinzi bw'ubushyuhe: Sisitemu yose ya bateri na sisitemu ifite ingufu nyinshi zigomba gupimwa uburinzi n'isitemu icunga bateri.
(3) Gupima uburyo bwo gufunga ingufu z'amashanyarazi (HVIL): bikoreshwa mu kwemeza ubusugire bwa sisitemu yose ifite ingufu z'amashanyarazi menshi. Iyo ubusugire bwa sisitemu ifite ingufu z'amashanyarazi menshi bwangiritse, ingamba zo kwirinda ziratangira gukoreshwa.
lIgikorwa cyo gupima
(1) Isuzuma rya SOC na SOH: igice cy'ingenzi n'ingorabahizi kurusha ibindi
(2) Kuringaniza: hindura ubusumbane bwa SOC x ubushobozi hagati ya monomers binyuze mu buryo bwo kuringaniza.
(3) Ingufu za bateri: imbaraga z'injira n'isohoka rya bateri zigarukira ku bushyuhe butandukanye bwa SOC.
lIzindi nshingano
(1) Igenzura ry'imiyoboro: harimo ingenzi +, ingenzi-, imiyoboro yo gusharija +, imiyoboro yo gusharija -, imiyoboro yo gusharija mbere y'uko itangira
(2) Kugenzura ubushyuhe
(3) Imikorere y'itumanaho
(4) Gusuzuma ikibazo no gutanga amakuru ajyanye n'ikibazo
(5) Imikorere yihanganira amakosa
6.Imiterere ya porogaramu za BMS
lGucunga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihanitse n'iziciriritse
Iyo isanzwe ikoresha umuriro, BMS irabyutswa na VCU ikoresheje umurongo ukomeye cyangwa ikimenyetso cya CAN cya 12V. Iyo BMS imaze kwigenzura no kwinjira muri standby, VCU yohereza itegeko rya voltage nyinshi, hanyuma BMS igagenzura ifungwa rya relay kugira ngo yuzuze umurongo wa voltage nyinshi. Iyo ikoresheje umuriro, VCU yohereza itegeko rya voltage nke hanyuma igakuraho 12V. Iyo imbunda ishyizwemo kugira ngo isharizwe mu gihe cyo kuzimya umuriro, ishobora gubyutswa n'ikimenyetso cya CP cyangwa A+.
lGucunga ubwishyu
(1) Gushyushya buhoro buhoro
Gusharija buhoro ni ugusharija bateri umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhinduka uva ku muyoboro usimburana ukoresheje charger iri mu bwato y'ikirundo cyo gusharija (cyangwa amashanyarazi ya 220V). Ibipimo by'ikirundo cyo gusharija muri rusange ni 16A, 32A, na 64A, kandi gishobora no gusharija ukoresheje amashanyarazi yo mu rugo. BMS ishobora gukangurwa n'ikimenyetso cya CC cyangwa CP, ariko bigomba kwemezwa ko ishobora gusinzira neza nyuma yo gusharija kurangira. Uburyo bwo gusharija AC bworoshye kandi bushobora gutezwa imbere hakurikijwe amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu.
(2) Gushyushya vuba
Gusharija byihuse ni ugusharija bateri ukoresheje umuriro uturutse kuri DC charger pile, bishobora kugera kuri 1C cyangwa hejuru yayo. Muri rusange, 80% bya bateri bishobora charger mu minota 45. Ishobora gukangurwa n'ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi cy'inyongera cya A+ cy'umugozi usharija.
lIgikorwa cyo gupima
(1) SOP (State of Power) ibona cyane cyane ingufu za bateri iriho zo gusharija no gusohora umuriro binyuze mu kureba ku mbonerahamwe unyuze mu bushyuhe na SOC. VCU igena uburyo imodoka yose ikoreshwa hashingiwe ku gaciro k'imbaraga zoherejwe.
(2) SOH (Imiterere y'Ubuzima) ahanini igaragaza uko ubuzima bwa bateri buhagaze ubu, ifite agaciro kari hagati ya 0-100%. Muri rusange bifatwa ko bateri idashobora gukoreshwa iyo imaze kugabanuka munsi ya 80%.
(3) SOC (State of Charge) iri muri algorithme y’ibanze ya BMS, iranga ubushobozi busigaye. Ishingiye ahanini ku buryo bwa ampere-hour integral na algorithme ya EKF (extended Kalman filter), hamwe n’ingamba zo gukosora (nk’ikosora ry’amashanyarazi afunguye, ikosora ry’amashanyarazi yuzuye, ikosora ry’amashanyarazi arangiye, ikosora ry’ubushobozi mu bushyuhe butandukanye na SOH, nibindi).
(4) Algorithm ya SOE (State of Energy) ntabwo ikorwa cyane n'inganda zo mu gihugu cyangwa ngo ikoreshe algorithm zoroshye kugira ngo ibone igipimo cy'ingufu zisigaye munsi y'uko zimeze ubu n'ingufu ntarengwa zihari. Iyi mikorere ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugereranya urwego rw'ubushyuhe rusigaye.
lGusuzuma ikibazo
Ingano zitandukanye z'ikosa ziratandukanye bitewe n'imikorere itandukanye ya bateri, kandi ingamba zitandukanye zo gutunganya zifatwa na BMS na VCU munsi y'ingano zitandukanye z'ikosa, nko kuburira, kugabanya ingufu, cyangwa gusiba umuriro mwinshi. Ingorane zirimo amakosa yo kubona amakuru no gushyira mu gaciro, amakosa y'amashanyarazi (sensors na actuators), amakosa yo gutumanaho, n'ingorane z'imiterere ya bateri, n'ibindi.
1.Imikorere y'ingenzi ya porogaramu ya BMS
lImikorere yo gupima
(1) Gupima amakuru y'ibanze: kugenzura ingufu za bateri, ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi, n'ubushyuhe bwa paki ya bateri. Inshingano y'ibanze ya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ni ugupima ingufu, ingufu, n'ubushyuhe bya selile za bateri, ari na byo shingiro ry'imibare yose yo ku rwego rwo hejuru n'uburyo bwo kugenzura bwa sisitemu yo gucunga bateri.
(2) Gupima uburinzi bw'ubushyuhe: Sisitemu yose ya bateri na sisitemu ifite ingufu nyinshi zigomba gupimwa uburinzi n'isitemu icunga bateri.
(3) Gupima uburyo bwo gufunga ingufu z'amashanyarazi (HVIL): bikoreshwa mu kwemeza ubusugire bwa sisitemu yose ifite ingufu z'amashanyarazi menshi. Iyo ubusugire bwa sisitemu ifite ingufu z'amashanyarazi menshi bwangiritse, ingamba zo kwirinda ziratangira gukoreshwa.
lIgikorwa cyo gupima
(1) Isuzuma rya SOC na SOH: igice cy'ingenzi n'ingorabahizi kurusha ibindi
(2) Kuringaniza: hindura ubusumbane bwa SOC x ubushobozi hagati ya monomers binyuze mu buryo bwo kuringaniza.
(3) Ingufu za bateri: imbaraga z'injira n'isohoka rya bateri zigarukira ku bushyuhe butandukanye bwa SOC.
lIzindi nshingano
(1) Igenzura ry'imiyoboro: harimo ingenzi +, ingenzi-, imiyoboro yo gusharija +, imiyoboro yo gusharija -, imiyoboro yo gusharija mbere y'uko itangira
(2) Kugenzura ubushyuhe
(3) Imikorere y'itumanaho
(4) Gusuzuma ikibazo no gutanga amakuru ajyanye n'ikibazo
(5) Imikorere yihanganira amakosa
2.Imiterere ya porogaramu za BMS
lGucunga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihanitse n'iziciriritse
Iyo isanzwe ikoresha umuriro, BMS irabyutswa na VCU ikoresheje umurongo ukomeye cyangwa ikimenyetso cya CAN cya 12V. Iyo BMS imaze kwigenzura no kwinjira muri standby, VCU yohereza itegeko rya voltage nyinshi, hanyuma BMS igagenzura ifungwa rya relay kugira ngo yuzuze umurongo wa voltage nyinshi. Iyo ikoresheje umuriro, VCU yohereza itegeko rya voltage nke hanyuma igakuraho 12V. Iyo imbunda ishyizwemo kugira ngo isharizwe mu gihe cyo kuzimya umuriro, ishobora gubyutswa n'ikimenyetso cya CP cyangwa A+.
lGucunga ubwishyu
(1) Gushyushya buhoro buhoro
Gusharija buhoro ni ugusharija bateri umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhinduka uva ku muyoboro usimburana ukoresheje charger iri mu bwato y'ikirundo cyo gusharija (cyangwa amashanyarazi ya 220V). Ibipimo by'ikirundo cyo gusharija muri rusange ni 16A, 32A, na 64A, kandi gishobora no gusharija ukoresheje amashanyarazi yo mu rugo. BMS ishobora gukangurwa n'ikimenyetso cya CC cyangwa CP, ariko bigomba kwemezwa ko ishobora gusinzira neza nyuma yo gusharija kurangira. Uburyo bwo gusharija AC bworoshye kandi bushobora gutezwa imbere hakurikijwe amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu.
(2) Gushyushya vuba
Gusharija byihuse ni ugusharija bateri ukoresheje umuriro uturutse kuri DC charger pile, bishobora kugera kuri 1C cyangwa hejuru yayo. Muri rusange, 80% bya bateri bishobora charger mu minota 45. Ishobora gukangurwa n'ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi cy'inyongera cya A+ cy'umugozi usharija.
lIgikorwa cyo gupima
(1) SOP (State of Power) ibona cyane cyane ingufu za bateri iriho zo gusharija no gusohora umuriro binyuze mu kureba ku mbonerahamwe unyuze mu bushyuhe na SOC. VCU igena uburyo imodoka yose ikoreshwa hashingiwe ku gaciro k'imbaraga zoherejwe.
(2) SOH (Imiterere y'Ubuzima) ahanini igaragaza uko ubuzima bwa bateri buhagaze ubu, ifite agaciro kari hagati ya 0-100%. Muri rusange bifatwa ko bateri idashobora gukoreshwa iyo imaze kugabanuka munsi ya 80%.
(3) SOC (State of Charge) iri muri algorithme y’ibanze ya BMS, iranga ubushobozi busigaye. Ishingiye ahanini ku buryo bwa ampere-hour integral na algorithme ya EKF (extended Kalman filter), hamwe n’ingamba zo gukosora (nk’ikosora ry’amashanyarazi afunguye, ikosora ry’amashanyarazi yuzuye, ikosora ry’amashanyarazi arangiye, ikosora ry’ubushobozi mu bushyuhe butandukanye na SOH, nibindi).
(4) Algorithm ya SOE (State of Energy) ntabwo ikorwa cyane n'inganda zo mu gihugu cyangwa ngo ikoreshe algorithm zoroshye kugira ngo ibone igipimo cy'ingufu zisigaye munsi y'uko zimeze ubu n'ingufu ntarengwa zihari. Iyi mikorere ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugereranya urwego rw'ubushyuhe rusigaye.
lGusuzuma ikibazo
Ingano zitandukanye z'ikosa ziratandukanye bitewe n'imikorere itandukanye ya bateri, kandi ingamba zitandukanye zo gutunganya zifatwa na BMS na VCU munsi y'ingano zitandukanye z'ikosa, nko kuburira, kugabanya ingufu, cyangwa gusiba umuriro mwinshi. Ingorane zirimo amakosa yo kubona amakuru no gushyira mu gaciro, amakosa y'amashanyarazi (sensors na actuators), amakosa yo gutumanaho, n'ingorane z'imiterere ya bateri, n'ibindi.
Twandikire:
yanjing@1vtruck.com +(86)13921093681
duanqianyun@1vtruck.com +(86)13060058315
liyan@1vtruck.com +(86)18200390258
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-12-2023
