Bateri ya Sodium-ion: Ejo hazaza h’inganda nshya z’ingufu

Mu myaka yashize, inganda nshya z’imodoka zifite ingufu zateye imbere byihuse, ndetse n’Ubushinwa bwageze ku ntera mu rwego rwo gukora amamodoka, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya batiri riyobora isi. Muri rusange, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe n’umusaruro wiyongereye birashobora kugabanya ibiciro, bigatuma ubwiza bugenda bugabanuka ndetse n’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa byarangiye. Uyu munsi, iyi ngingo irasesengura ibiciro bya bateri nshya y’ingufu zikoresha ingufu, yibanda ku kuba abaguzi bashobora kugura ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu nyinshi nyuma yo gucuruza bateri ya sodium-ion.

01 Ikiguzi cyibinyabiziga bishya byingufu

Ibiciro byingenzi bigize ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera mumashanyarazi mashya murwego rukurikira:

Uhereye ku makuru ari mu gishushanyo, biragaragara ko bateri ari cyo kintu kinini kigira ingaruka ku giciro rusange cy'imodoka. Mugihe ibiciro bya batiri byiyongera, byanze bikunze byanyuzwa kubicuruzwa byarangiye. None, ni gute ibiciro bya batiri byamashanyarazi bigenwa?

02 Ibiciro bigize Bateri Yingufu

Ikigaragara ni uko ibikoresho fatizo aribintu byingenzi bigena ibiciro bya batiri. Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ubushinwa Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance yerekana ko ugereranije n’intangiriro y’umwaka ushize, ikigereranyo cy’ibiciro rusange bya litiro ya litiro ya cathode ya cathode yazamutseho 108.9%, mu gihe igiciro cyo hagati y’ibikoresho bya cathode ya lithium fer fosifate cyiyongereye. na 182.5%. Impuzandengo ya batiri ya litiro ya litiro ya electrolytite yiyongereyeho 146.2%, naho iyitwa lithium fer fosifate ya batiri electrolytite yazamutseho 190.2%. Batteri nyamukuru ntishobora gukora idafite lithium, reka rero turebere hamwe ibiciro bya karubone ya lithium, hydroxide ya lithium, na fosifate ya lithium:

Kwiyongera kw'ibiciro bya batiri ya lithium biterwa na logique inganda za lithium zagize mu myaka ibiri ikomeje kugabanuka, bigatuma kugabanuka kugabanuka kubera igihombo. Nyamara, iterambere ryihuse ryimodoka nshya zingufu nazo zatumye hakenerwa bateri ya lithium. Ibihugu byo ku isi byashyizeho intego zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, bikaza umurego bivuguruzanya n’ibisabwa kandi bigatuma ibiciro bya batiri ya lithium byiyongera. Mu bihe nk'ibi, ni gute bateri z'amashanyarazi zidashobora kwiyongera ku giciro?

03 Batteri ya Sodium-ion ifite intera ingana iki hamwe nigiciro cyiza kubinyabiziga bishya?

Urebye ko amabuye y'agaciro ya lithium ari make cyane ku isi, guhera mu 2020, ubutare bwa lithium ku isi (lithium carbone) bwari toni miliyoni 128, bukaba bufite toni miliyoni 349, bukwirakwizwa cyane mu bihugu nka Chili, Ositaraliya, Arijantine, na Boliviya . Ubushinwa buza ku mwanya wa kane ukurikije ububiko bwa lithium bwagaragaye, bingana na 7.1%, n'uwa gatatu mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye ya lithium, bingana na 17.1%. Nyamara, imyunyu ya lithium yo mu Bushinwa ifite ubuziranenge kandi bigoye kubyara no kuyitunganya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ubushinwa bushingiye cyane cyane ku kwinjiza Lithium yo muri Ositaraliya hamwe n’umunyu wa Lithium yo muri Amerika yepfo. Kugeza ubu Ubushinwa nabwo bukoresha lithium nyinshi ku isi, bingana na 39% by’ibikoreshwa mu mwaka wa 2019. Mu gihe gito, umutungo wa lithium ugarukira kubera ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi mu gihe kirekire, iterambere rya batiri ya lithium-ion byanze bikunze rizagabanywa na lithium. Kubwibyo, bateri ya sodium-ion, ifite ububiko bwinshi, ikiguzi nibyiza byumutekano, birashobora guhinduka inzira yiterambere ryinganda za batiri mugihe kizaza.

Mubyukuri, nko muri Nyakanga 2021, CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.) yari imaze gusohora bateri ya sodium-ion kandi itangaza ko itangije imiterere y’inganda, hamwe n’inganda z’ibanze zizashyirwaho mu 2023. Undi. inkuru nziza ni uko ku ya 28 Nyakanga umwaka ushize, umurongo wa mbere wa 1 GWh sodium-ion ku isi watangiriye i Fuyang, mu Ntara ya Anhui. Sodium-ion ikoreshwa na bateri ikoresha ingufu nshya ntabwo iri kure cyane.

Kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bya sodium-ion bikoresha ingufu za moteri nshya zifite ingufu nziza kandi bizagira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ibinyabiziga by’isuku ry’amashanyarazi mu mijyi yo mu Bushinwa. YIWEI Automotive yamye yiyemeje gushushanya no guteza imbere imashini nshya y’ingufu zidasanzwe, guhuza sisitemu y’amashanyarazi, guteza imbere uburyo bwo kugenzura ubwenge bwo kugenzura ibinyabiziga bikoresha ingufu, no guteza imbere imiyoboro y’ibinyabiziga n’ikoranabuhanga rinini. Twabaye ku isonga mu nganda nshya z’imodoka zabigenewe kandi twakurikiranye hafi ku isonga ry’ikoranabuhanga rya batiri y’amashanyarazi, bituma abakiriya bo mu rwego rw’imodoka zabigenewe barushaho gukoresha amafaranga menshi, afatika, kandi yorohereza abakoresha imodoka nshya.

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