Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda z’ibinyabiziga bikoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki zagiye zitera imbere vuba, ndetse Ubushinwa bwageze ku ntera ishimishije mu bijyanye n’inganda z’imodoka, aho ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ari ryo riyoboye isi. Muri rusange, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga no kwiyongera k’umusaruro bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi, bigatuma ireme ry’ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki rirushaho kwiyongera no kugabanuka kw’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa bishya. Uyu munsi, iyi nkuru irasesengura uko bateri nshya zikoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki zikoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutwara bateri, yibanda ku kumenya niba abaguzi bashobora kugura imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zihendutse kandi zihendutse nyuma yo gucuruza bateri za sodium-ion.
01 Ibiciro by'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu
Ibiciro by'ingenzi by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu rwego rw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ni ibi bikurikira:
Ukurikije amakuru ari ku mbonerahamwe, biragaragara ko bateri ari yo ifite uruhare runini mu kiguzi cy'imodoka muri rusange. Uko ikiguzi cya bateri cyiyongera, nta gushidikanya ko kijya mu bicuruzwa bya nyuma. None se, ikiguzi cya bateri y'amashanyarazi kigenwa gute?
02 Ibiciro by'ikoreshwa rya bateri z'amashanyarazi
Birumvikana ko ibikoresho fatizo ari byo bintu by'ingenzi mu kugena ikiguzi cya bateri y'amashanyarazi. Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n'ishyirahamwe ry'Abashinwa rishinzwe amashanyarazi mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga mu buvumbuzi bw'imodoka agaragaza ko ugereranyije n'intangiriro z'umwaka ushize, igiciro cy'ibikoresho bya cathode bya bateri ya lithium ya ternary cyazamutseho 108.9%, mu gihe igiciro cy'ibikoresho bya cathode bya bateri ya lithium iron phosphate cyazamutseho 182.5%. Igiciro cy'ibipimo bya electrolyte bya bateri ya lithium ya ternary cyazamutseho 146.2%, naho icya electrolyte za bateri ya lithium iron phosphate cyazamutseho 190.2%. Bateri zisanzwe ntizishobora kubaho zidafite lithium, reka turebe uko ibiciro bya lithium karubone, lithium hydroxide, na lithium iron phosphate bihagaze:
Izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho bya bateri ya lithiamu riterwa n’imitekerereze inganda za lithiamu zahuye nayo mu myaka ibiri ishize, bigatuma igabanuka ry’ibikoresho bitangwa rigabanuka bitewe n’igihombo. Ariko, iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ryanatumye ibyifuzo bya bateri ya lithiamu birushaho kwiyongera. Ibihugu ku isi byishyiriyeho intego zo gushyira ingufu mu bikoresho by’amashanyarazi, bikongera ubusumbane mu bijyanye n’itangwa ry’ibikoresho ndetse bigatuma ibiciro by’ibikoresho bya bateri ya lithiamu bikomeza kwiyongera. Muri urwo rwego, ni gute bateri z’amashanyarazi zitazamuka mu giciro?
03 Bateri za Sodium-iyoni zifite imikorere myiza ku modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zigeze he?
Bitewe n’uko umutungo kamere wa lithium ari muke cyane ku Isi, kugeza mu 2020, ububiko bwa litium ore (lithium carbonate) ku isi bwari toni miliyoni 128, hamwe n’umutungo wa toni miliyoni 349, ahanini ukwirakwizwa mu bihugu nka Shili, Ositaraliya, Arijantine na Boliviya. Ubushinwa buza ku mwanya wa kane mu bubiko bwa litium bwagaragaye, bufite 7.1%, n’ubwa gatatu mu musaruro wa litium ore, bufite 17.1%. Ariko, umunyu wa litium wo mu Bushinwa ufite ubuziranenge bubi kandi bigoye gukora no gutunganya. Kubwibyo, Ubushinwa bushingiye cyane cyane ku gutumiza litium collectives muri Ositaraliya n’umunyu wa litium wo muri Amerika y’Epfo. Ubushinwa ni bwo buguzi bwa litium bwinshi ku isi, bufite hafi 39% by’ikoreshwa mu 2019. Mu gihe gito, umutungo kamere wa litium uragabanuka bitewe n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, kandi mu gihe kirekire, iterambere rya bateri za litium-ion rizahagarikwa n’umutungo kamere wa litium. Kubwibyo, bateri za sodium-ion, zifite ububiko bwinshi, ikiguzi n’umutekano, zishobora kuba inzira y’ingenzi y’iterambere ku nganda za bateri mu gihe kizaza.
Mu by’ukuri, kuva muri Nyakanga 2021, CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.) yari imaze gusohora bateri ya sodium-ion kandi yatangaje ko igiye gutangiza imiterere yayo y’inganda, aho uruhererekane rw’inganda rw’ibanze rugiye gushyirwaho bitarenze 2023. Indi nkuru nziza ni uko ku ya 28 Nyakanga umwaka ushize, umurongo wa mbere ku isi wo gukora bateri ya sodium-ion ya 1 GWh warangiye i Fuyang, mu Ntara ya Anhui. Imodoka nshya zikoresha bateri ya sodium-ion ntiziri kure cyane.
Gucuruza imodoka nshya zikoresha bateri ya sodium-ion hamwe n’ibiciro byiza bizagira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu mijyi yo hirya no hino mu Bushinwa. YIWEI Automotive yahoraga yiyemeje gushushanya no guteza imbere chassis y’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, guhuza sisitemu z’amashanyarazi, guteza imbere sisitemu z’ubwenge zo kugenzura ingufu zishyirwa ku modoka, no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka n’ikoranabuhanga rinini. Twari ku isonga mu nganda zikoresha ingufu nshya kandi twakurikiranye cyane ikoranabuhanga rya bateri zikoresha ingufu, bituma abakiriya bo mu rwego rw’imodoka zikoresha ingufu zihendutse, zikora neza kandi zoroshye gukoresha.
Twandikire:
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liyan@1vtruck.com +(86)18200390258
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2023
