Ni ibihe bice bitatu by'amashanyarazi bigize imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu?

 

Imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zifite ikoranabuhanga ritatu ry’ingenzi imodoka zisanzwe zidafite. Nubwo imodoka zisanzwe zikoresha ibice bitatu by’ingenzi, ku modoka zikoresha ingufu zisanzwe, igice cy’ingenzi ni sisitemu eshatu z’amashanyarazi: moteri, igice gikoresha moteri (MCU), na batiri.

1. Moteri:
   Moteri, izwi cyane nka "moteri", ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi:

Moteri ya DC: Iyi ikoresha moteri ya DC ikozwe muri brushed igenzurwa na circuit ya chopper.

• Ibyiza: Imiterere yoroshye no kugenzura byoroshye. Ni imwe muri sisitemu za kera zo gutwara imodoka zikoreshwa mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
• Ingaruka mbi: Ikoranabuhanga rike kandi rimara igihe gito.

Moteri y’amashanyarazi ikoresha AC: Ikoresha igishushanyo gifite imiyoboro n’inkingi y’icyuma. Iyo umuriro w’amashanyarazi unyuze muri iyo miyoboro, imbaraga rukuruzi zirakorwa, zigahindura icyerekezo n’ubunini bw’umuriro.

• Ibyiza: Igiciro gito cyane.
• Ingaruka mbi: Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyinshi. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda.

Moteri Ihoraho Ihuza Amakuru (PMSM): Ikora hashingiwe ku ihame rya electromagnetism. Iyo ikoreshejwe ingufu, imiyoboro ya moteri ikora imbaraga za rukuruzi, kandi bitewe no kwirukana magneti z'imbere, imiyoboro itangira kuzenguruka.

• Isosiyete yacu ikoresha moteri za PMSM, zizwiho gukora neza cyane, ingano nto, utuntu tworoshye, no kugenzura neza.

2. Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikoranabuhanga (ECU):
   ECU y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ihuza na bateri y'amashanyarazi iri imbere na moteri y'inyuma. Inshingano zayo ni uguhindura umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi utaziguye (DC) mo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi usimburana (AC) no gusubiza ibimenyetso by'ubuyobozi biva ku mugenzuzi w'imodoka kugira ngo bigenzure umuvuduko n'imbaraga bikenewe.
3. 
4. Bateri:
   Umutima w'imodoka nshya ikoresha ingufu ni bateri y'amashanyarazi. Muri rusange hari ubwoko butanu bwa bateri ku isoko:

Bateri ya aside y'ubutare:

• Ibyiza: Ihendutse, imikorere myiza mu bushyuhe buke, kandi ihendutse cyane.
• Ingaruka mbi: Ingufu nke, igihe gito cyo kubaho, ingano nini, n'umutekano muke.
• Imikoreshereze: Bitewe n'ubucucike bw'ingufu nke kandi igihe cyo kubaho kikaba gito, bateri za aside ya lead zikoreshwa mu modoka zikoresha umuvuduko muto.

Bateri ya Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH):

• Ibyiza: Ihendutse, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, iramba kandi irakomeye.
• Ingaruka mbi: Ingufu nke, ingano nini, ingufu nke, kandi ishobora kwangirika mu kwibuka. Irimo ibyuma biremereye, bishobora gutera ihumana ry’ibidukikije iyo bijugunywe.
• Ikoreshwa: Ikora neza kurusha batiri za aside y'icyitegererezo.

Bateri ya Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4):

• Ibyiza: Ihendutse, umutekano mwiza n'imikorere myiza y'ubushyuhe ku bikoresho byiza bya electrode.
• Ingaruka mbi: Ibikoresho bidahindagurika cyane, bishobora kubora no gukora imyuka, kwangirika vuba k'ubuzima bw'uruziga, imikorere mibi mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi igihe cyo kubaho ni gito cyane.
• Ikoreshwa: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu turemangingo twa bateri duciriritse kugeza ku tunini kuri bateri z'amashanyarazi, zifite voltage ya nominel ya 3.7V.

Bateri ya Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4):

• Ibyiza: Ituje cyane mu bushyuhe, umutekano, ihendutse, kandi iramba.
• Ingaruka mbi: Ingufu nke, zishobora kwangirika ku bushyuhe buri hasi.
• Ikoreshwa: Ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 500-600°C, ibice by'imbere mu mubiri bitangira kubora. Ntibishya cyangwa ngo biturike iyo bitobowe, bikozwe mu buryo bugufi, cyangwa bihuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Binamara igihe kirekire. Ariko, ubunini bw'aho bitwara muri rusange ni buke. Ntabwo bikwiriye gushyushya mu bushyuhe bukonje mu turere tw'amajyaruguru.

Bateri ya Lithium-ion (Li-ion):

• Ibyiza: Ifite ingufu nyinshi, imara igihe kirekire, kandi ikora neza cyane mu bushyuhe buke.
• Ingaruka mbi: Kudakomera bihagije mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
• Ikoreshwa: Ikwiriye imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa zifite ibisabwa byihariye kugira ngo zigere aho zitwara. Ni icyerekezo rusange kandi kibereye ahantu hakonje kuko batiri igumana ubushyuhe buri hasi.

Isosiyete yacu ikoresha bateri za lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), zifite urubuga rwa voltage ruhamye, ingufu zikoreshwa neza, kandi nta bushyuhe bukabije buturuka ku bushyuhe (ubushyuhe buturuka ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 800), zituma habaho umutekano mwinshi.

Muri iki gihe, iterambere ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu gihugu mu Bushinwa riratangaje cyane, rituma imijyi itera imbere vuba binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga. Ndizera ko buri wese muri twe muri Yiwei akomeje kandi agakorana, ashobora gutanga umusanzu we mu kurema umujyi mwiza. Binyuze mu guhanga udushya no gukoresha mu buryo bufatika, dushobora guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda z’isuku hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rishya rirengera ibidukikije.

Twandikire:
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liyan@1vtruck.com +(86)18200390258